David Kindness, an finance expert on topics of cash advance and finance and part of the team at PaydayBears, is the one who will guide us through this journey.

What Is the Financial District?

Let’s start with some basic information on what we are talking about. The Financial District, abbreviated in FiDi, is located in the area known as Lower Manhattan. Who doesn’t have in mind the picture of tall buildings and skyscrapers next to the East River and Brooklyn River? The FiDi is the world’s principal financial center, hence its popularity worldwide.

If you have heard of the New York Stock Exchange, the Federal Reserve Bank of NY, the NASDAQ stock exchange, and Wall Street, they are all located in this district. Until the 2001 attacks, the World Trade Center complex governed the skies above the neighborhood.

Actually, the importance of this district goes much more back in history: the City of New York was indeed born in the Financial District, which at the time was the New Amsterdam settlement of the 17th century.

New York City Subway Stations in the Financial District

Here is the list of all subway stations located in the FiDi, divided depending on the lines they are served.

• 1, 2, and 3 trains: Rector Street, World Trade Center Cortland
• 4 and 5 trains: Bowling Green, Wall Street
• 1, N, R, and W trains: South Ferry/Whitehall Street
• 2, 3, A, C, and E trains: Chambers-World Trade Center/Park Place/Cortland Street
• A and C trains: Fulton Street
• J and Z trains: Broad Street
• N, R, and W trains: City Hall, Rector Street

History of the Main FiDi Subway Stations

The history of the Financial District’s stations is long and full of exciting details. Here are some of the most popular stations and a short recap of their stories.

• Rector Street. The station is served by line 1 at all times. It opened in 1918 and underwent drastic changes. Lengthened in the 1960s, it had to go through a significant renovation after the 2011 attacks, which put it out of order for one year as some of its subway tunnels collapsed. For one year, from 2012 to 2013, Rector Street station was also the final station for all 1 trains after the damage caused by Hurricane Sandy to South Ferry station.

The story of Rector Street station is very similar to the WTC Courtland station.

• Bowling Green. It opened in 1905 and was intended to extend the IRT (Interborough Rapid Transit) line to South Ferry. It underwent a complete renovation in the 1970s, when it got a new exit and a side platform, which was added to the two island platforms. One of them has been closed since 1977. The station is famous for its artwork: rotating lightboxes containing pictures by Glen DiCrocco.
• Wall Street. Like the former, this station opened in 1905 and was renovated twice, first in the ‘70s and then in the 2000s. It consists of two side platforms and two tracks, and it was made with tiles and mosaics. The station is registered in the National Register of Historic Places.
• Fulton Street. It is a major subway station complex that comprises four stations, all named Fulton Street: IRT Lexington Avenue Line, IRT Broadway-Seventh Avenue Line, BMT Nassau Street Line, and IND Eighth Avenue Line. They opened, respectively, in 1905, 1918 (as part of the Dual Contracts), in 1931, and 1933. The complex itself opened in 2014. It is the fifth busiest subway station.

In conclusion, the Financial District, located in Lower Manhattan, is not only the heart of New York City’s financial activities but also holds historical significance as the birthplace of the city itself. The district’s subway stations play a crucial role in facilitating transportation for both commuters and visitors. From Rector Street, which underwent renovations after the 2011 attacks and Hurricane Sandy, to Bowling Green, known for its unique artwork, and Wall Street, listed in the National Register of Historic Places, each station carries its own rich history. Additionally, the major subway complex of Fulton Street, consisting of four stations, stands as a bustling hub for commuters and travelers alike. As the subway system continues to evolve, these stations remain integral parts of New York City’s iconic transportation network in the Financial District.

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photos by Mikey Ashworth Throughout remodelling of the Notting Hill Gateway tube station in the London Underground, a deserted passage was found whose wall surfaces included classic adverting posters from 1956-1959 in what ended up being a mid-century time capsule. by means of Ready, Made Host your website with Giggling Squid! Here’s even more information.

Will Noble Are These The 16 Finest London Below Ground Posters Ever Before? In 2013, London Transport Museum launched Poster Art 150, a choice of the most effective posters from 150 years of London Underground. Currently, the art work are offered to see online, as part of an online collaboration with Google. Here, London Transportation Gallery selects 16 of its all-time favourite styles.

Top Guidelines Of Poster Art 150: London Underground’s Greatest Designs

The message hammered home in this detailed graphic is that there’s NOTHING TO FRET ABOUT. We locate the five-time rep of ‘stress’ entirely disturbing. Tf, L from London Transportation Museums collection It’s heartening to see a women lead character in this vintage advertisement although the Underground had actually currently been going virtually half a century when this was pasted up in tube stations.

It does not help that one of the beautiful orbs show up to create an ‘O’ as opposed to a ‘U’. A striking masterpiece nonetheless. Tf, L from London Transportation Museums collection A stone cool standard of interwar London, when ‘Bright’ was words of the minute, and flappers swished their newest gowns on the escalators.

Tf, L from London Transportation Museums collection Loaning from Kathleen Stenning’s ‘Stay clear of the wet’, Charles Herrick’s sizzling design is one fifty percent of a duo, the other of which declares that it’s cooler to travel by Below ground in the summer season. Dubious as that claim might seem, the tube was when much cooler than it now is.

The Best Guide To London Underground Posters & Wall Art Prints

Art Matters is the podcast that brings with each other prominent culture and also art history, hosted by. Alight below for an exploration of poster styles for the world’s initial underground traveler train.

The initial poster he commissioned was a promo for Golders Green terminal, which had been added to the network the year before. Instead of stressing the service and trains, musicians established posters that lured travellers with intriguing destinations and also areas worth checking out. They offer the perception of a bustling city with everything to supply, from the green areas at Kew Gardens to the programs and purchasing in the West End.

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1. 81^st Street-Museum of Natural History Station

The 81st Street Museum of Natural History Station is the number on our list as the street has an MTA station inside and has one of the most captivating looks compared to other subway stations.

You can’t tell that it’s a subway station because of the art that gives life to it, and you will be amazed at how the management makes sure that the station is well maintained.

2. 34^th Street Hudson Yards (Manhattan, 7 Line)

The second subway station on our list is the 34^th Street Hudson Yards of Manhattan, 7 line, which has the most modernized infrastructure designs compared to other stations.

And Passenger circulation is informed by accessibility, safety, security, and universal design. The first glass-enclosed inclined elevators in the transit system let all passengers take the same route from the mezzanine to the platform.

3. World Trade Center (PATH)

The third on our list is the newest World Trade Center’s Path terminal station, located within the WTC complex in Manhattan’s Financial District. And it is beautiful inside and also captures the unmistakable grit that keeps people optimistic in the face of misfortune, which is a hallmark of New York City.

4. Times Square–42nd Street/Port Authority Bus Terminal Station

The fourth on our list is the famous Times Square-42nd Street/Port Authority Bus Terminal Station, which has one of the best subway infrastructures in New York since the street is known for having theaters particularly close to the intersection with Broadway at Times Square – which is also very historical place as a New Yorker.

5. Fulton Street Station

The fifth on our list is the Fulton Street Station, a subway station and a shopping area located in Lower Manhattan, New York City, near the junction of Fulton Street and Broadway. This subway is considered one of the cleanest stations in NYC. And what also stands out about this station is the modern design which can’t be seen on other stations.

6. 96th Street Station (Second Avenue Subway)

The sixth on our list is the 96th Street Station, the 2nd Avenue Subway, famous for its mosaic art and has attracted a lot of attention from the public. You’ll be glad to ride a train there because the stations are spacious and spotless, and the escalators are helpful because the station is much deeper than previous stations.

7. 28^th Street Station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)

The seventh on our list would be the 28th Street Station at IRT Lexington Avenue Line, which is newly renovated and captivates passengers since they updated the station overall with artwork and other elements while preserving the old station tiles and poles. And if you’re a New Yorker, you would love how the station preserves its history.

8. 72^nd Street Station (IRT Broadway-Seventh Avenue Line)

The eight most beautiful subway stations in New York City would be the famous 72nd Street Station (IRT Broadway-Seventh Avenue Line), as it served as the city’s landmark in January 1979. And its station house is one of the few remaining designs by Heins & LaFarge, who worked on many of the first IRT subway stations.

9. 66th Street–Lincoln Center Station

The ninth on our list is the 66th Street-Lincoln Center Station, which is situated at the intersection of 66th Street and Broadway in Lincoln Square, Manhattan, and is accessible anytime by 1 train and, later in the evenings, by the 2 trains. The American Encaustic Tile Company produced the mosaic tiles for all of the initial IRT stations and also contracted out the installations at each station.

10. Gun Hill Road Station (IRT White Plains Road Line)

The last on our list would be the Gun Hill Road Station located at the IRT White Plains Road Line of the New York City Subway. It is accessible anytime via 2 trains and 5 trains during peak hours in the peak direction from the Bronx’s Gun Hill and White Plains Roads intersection.

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81 Street Museum of Natural History

Perhaps the brightest and most intriguing station is the one with many mosaics depicting different animals, from giant dinosaurs and a diving whale to hummingbirds and mice.

It’s worth driving to the station, even if the Natural History Museum itself isn’t interesting to you. And if you find yourself passing on the Blue Lines A or C, I highly recommend stopping and getting out to admire the incredible number of bright mosaics depicting animals. Consider that the museum begins at the subway, not from the main entrance.

The mosaic installation, created in 2004, is called “For Want of a Nail” and is the largest in the history of the New York subway. It features tigers, ostriches, lizards, crocodiles, frogs, and all sorts of other living creatures. Moreover, the mosaics are not arranged in a boring row, but are found in completely unexpected places – on the ceiling, in the corners, on the floor. Wander around this large docking station, up and down, through two levels, entering and exiting from all exits A, B, and C.

The phrase “For want of a nail” is the first line of a poem, symbolizing the butterfly effect – how our actions can lead to drastic changes.

42 Street Time Square

Do you love modern American art but don’t have time to visit museums? The gigantic and crowded 42nd Street Time Square, although the most congested, is also the richest in contemporary art, with 13 metro lines flowing into this large interchange hub. The main treasure of the underground city is a pop-art mosaic panel in the lobby of the passage, created by the renowned US artist Roy Lichtenstein shortly before his death. It’s a kind of declaration of love and a gift to your beloved city, with the number 42 in the middle being a fragment of the original plate from 1904.

23 Street

It’s a matter of finding a hat, and the 23rd Street station is the place to look. The platform of this small station in Midtown is like a free museum of hats, and it also has a large photo zone. Along the entire platform, tiles are lined with mosaics of various headdresses from all times, such as hats, top hats, bowlers, sombreros, boaters, and much more. Moreover, the hats are located at different levels of human growth, so that anyone can find and “fit” into their own hat. The station was opened in 1918, and in 2002, 120 mosaic hats, worn by famous people from 1880 to 1920, were added to the station. Mark Twain, Oscar Wilde, Eleanor Roosevelt, Marie Curie, O’Henry, and Sarah Bernhardt (who had the most original hat) are among the many people who have donned headdresses.

City Hall (closed station)

The most elegant, refined (in the neo-Romanesque style), and shortsightedly-built station of the city has been closed since 1945 due to its semicircular structure. The station is located beneath the New York City Hall building and was a hallmark of the rapidly developing city. The station became unusable due to its curving tracks, which were too sharp for the new, modern trains of cars. Nevertheless, its beauty still arouses interest; for example, the final battle scene in the movie “Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them” was filmed there. The station can be seen if you stay in the car at the end station of the Brooklyn Bridge – City Hall. However, it is better to sign up for a tour in advance, which is held several days a year. Believe me, any New Yorker will envy you.

Essex and Delancey

In the creative and bohemian East Village, and the subway to match, where else can you find giant green fish looking at hurrying passengers with a slight philosophical sadness? The Japanese artist Ming Fei was tasked with capturing the spirit of old New York, so he decided to depict giant shad fish (a type of herring) that were found in the Hudson River on the walls of the station. On another platform, Fey created a cherry orchard that grew in the 17th century on the site where the metro stands now.

34th Street–Penn Station

At the bustling 34th Street – Penn Station, where intercity trains and buses flock, you will find Eric Fischl’s wondrous beauty of the circus and circus-themed mosaic called The Garden of Circus Delights. The theme of the circus was not chosen by chance; not far from the station is Madison Square Garden, where an annual major circus performance is held. Just keep in mind that the townspeople, who are always in a hurry, will constantly interfere with your attempts to appreciate the full scale and beauty of the mosaics that belong in the museum.

Christopher Street – Sheridan Square

The quiet station in Greenwich Village is a declaration of love for the area and its famous characters who lived, loved, wrote books, plays, paintings, composed music, fought for social justice, and participated in protest movements. In fact, this is a quest station, a highly intellectual puzzle for those interested in the history of New York. Greenwich Village was a hub for activists fighting for various rights, from feminism to the first gay parade, from which ideas spread around the world.

125th Street Station

Do you want to learn about the history of Harlem and its inhabitants without having to go out onto its streets? The mosaics of 125th Street are ready to tell you more than any guidebook could. Where else would you meet flying people? Harlem-raised artist Faith Ringgold lovingly captures the area’s rich history and culture, its colorful and unique identity, in her work “The Flying House: Heroes and Heroines of Harlem”. In the same place, among the soaring jazz musicians and singers, one can find mosaics of cult musical theaters and clubs in Harlem, such as the famous Apollo Theater, where many famous black musicians have performed, singers and stand-up comedians began their careers at the Cotton Club jazz club, where Duke Ellington performed, and the Harlem Opera building.

28th street

The New York subway is adorned with fresh, blooming mosaics of magnolias and other flowers, which have become a popular attraction for Instagram bloggers who specially select their outfits for their photo shoots. Artist Nancy Bloom decided to depict the flowers that grow in Madison Square Park, beloved by the citizens, on the walls of the station, so as not to forget the beauty of nature amidst the hustle and bustle of everyday life.

23rd Street

After making a loop on the long New York subway, return to 23rd Street. Here, you’ll find Flo and Topper, the Weimar Hounds that photographer and artist William Wegman loves to portray. On the subway, he showed his beloved dogs in both uniform and casual clothing, giving them the appearance of people.

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In England, the subway is called the Tube (specifically the subway in London) Subway is the name of the subway in America (more specifically in New York City). The first subway was built in London and then much of it was built underground through tunnels and was shaped like a tube, hence the name The Tube (translated as tube). This is how it is called in London to this day.

In America, the first subway was built in New York City and was called by the word “Subway”. The name was chosen because the subway branches repeated the map of roads and streets. Therefore, a literal translation sounds like “under the road” (sub – under, way – road, way).

The word “Metro” is an abbreviated form of “metropolitan railway” (urban train system) is used to refer to the subway in most other major cities of the world.

The London Underground is the oldest in the world. It was opened in 1863. Since then 270 stations have been built. The largest subway in the world by the number of stops is the New York subway, where at the beginning of 2019 there are 472 stations.

London subway passengers cannot use the subway at night, but they can in New York City. However, it is worth having patience. Waiting for trains in London and New York can be up to 30 minutes. It is better to know the schedule in advance, so as not to waste time on the platform.

In New York, a single ticket costs $3, and in London a trip from the center to the suburbs can cost 6 pounds. At the same time in the British capital the fare depends on the zone: the farther you go, the more you pay. You can save on travel by buying special cards. In New York – MetroCard, in London – Oyster card.

The most expensive monthly pass on the subway is sold in London – for it you need to pay 351.4 pounds. Almost four times cheaper is a pass in New York – $ 121. Despite this, it turned out that the average New Yorker on his salary can buy about 1348 trips on the subway. Londoners who commute long distances have the hardest time – they can afford four times fewer single trips – 445.

We also tried to calculate the load on the subway. To do that, the official population of megacities was divided by the number of metro stations. It turned out that in London there are on average – 32.6 thousand people per station, and in New York – 18.3 thousand people.

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Angel is the first in the alphabet of five subway stations named after local pubs with centuries of history. The Elephant & Castle, Manor House, Royal Oak and Swiss Cottage are next on the list. The Angel of Annunciation pub has existed since the 15th century and closed in the 1920s. And the mystical flavor of the name still floats in the subway.

Blackfriars

Since XII century this area of London began to develop actively Dominican priory: over white cassocks Dominican monks wore black cloaks, that’s why they were nicknamed Black Friars or black friars (from French “frère” – brother). The Priory ceased to exist in 1538 under the edict of the effeminate Henry XVIII, who abolished Catholicism in Britain; but the name has survived to this day.

Blackhorse Road.

Out of the house came a horse. It sounds strange, but you can’t take words out of thin air. Blackhorse Road is a modified name of the Black House Lane. The street has existed since the Saxon conquest: in its southern part there was a mysterious black mansion about which no historical evidence remains. And it could have been a gothic tale…

Canada Water

The name of this subway station was given by the local lake. It, in turn, was named so because of one of the port docks where ships from Canada came. Merchant ships from Russia, Norway, and Sweden docked nearby at Russia Dock. And Canary Wharf got its name because of the connection with the Canary Islands, where London was supplied with fruit.

Charing Cross

The most romantic story. King Edward I was deeply in love with his wife Eleanor of Castile and grieved deeply when she died of malaria. To express his grief and to magnify the memory of the queen, who was not very popular during her lifetime because of her bad temper and greed, Edward erected twelve crosses at night stops of the funeral procession that made its way to Westminster Abbey from Nottinghamshire. One was erected near the village of Charing, hence Charing Cross.

Cockfosters

The name of this station gives a smirk not only to connoisseurs of English slang. But not without reason: historians assert that it is connected with nearby estate, which served as a residence to some enigmatic chief forester (aka cock forester) four hundred years ago.

Covent Garden

Contemporary Covent Garden, where cultural life is thriving, doesn’t resemble a “convent garden” at all. And that’s how the name of the station and the neighborhood translates. In medieval times there was a vast enclosed garden owned by Benedictine monks.

Elephant and Castle

The magical combination Elephant and Castle appeared on the map of the London Underground thanks to the inn/pub of the same name recorded in chronicles in 1765. Before that there was a forge and a workshop where cutlery was made. It is just the elephant (elephant) with a palanquin (castle) on his back that was on their signboard: it was at that time that the handles on knives and forks were made of ivory. Shakespeare mentions Elephant and Castle in Twelfth Night: “In the south suburbs, at the Elephant, is best to lodge. You can’t argue with the classic – the neighborhood isn’t bad now, either…

Gospel Oak

The legendary “Gospel Oak,” under which St. Augustine and even St. Paul are said to have preached, grew on the border between the two parishes. And it was under it that believers from the surrounding villages gathered, because the nearest churches were too far away. Sometime in the middle of the 19th century, the century-old tree disappeared. Perhaps it was burned down by lightning, or cut down by a local Herostratus. History is silent.

Knightsbridge

Alas, this respectable neighborhood (and with it, the name of the station) has nothing to do with noble knights. True, the bridge is still in the name. It refers to the crossing of the river Westbourne – one of the many “lost” London rivers, which in the XIX century was tucked into an underground pipe. Knight, in the historical context of that era, is a boy or young man in the service of someone. “One version is that there were many young loafers hanging around Knightbridge,” writes historian Carolyn Taggart.

Maida Vale.

If that name leads you to think of English maids and verdant valleys, you’re half right. Vale is indeed a valley or ravine. But it has nothing to do with girls in aprons. Maida is a town in Italian Calabria, where the British defeated Napoleon’s allies in 1806. Waterloo and Trafalgar Square stations are also named after British victories in the war against the audacious Corsican.

Piccadilly Circus

Those wanting to go to the Piccadilly Circus are in for a rude awakening: the name of the station (and the district) is Latin for “circle”. Circus is an open circular space at the intersection of the streets. The word Piccadilly itself originated in the high-collar Piccadillys: in 1626 Piccadilly Hall, the house of a famous tailor, an expert in such accessories, appeared in the area.

The Seven Sisters.

The history of the name is quite poetic. “Seven Sisters” was the name given to the seven elm trees planted around a mysterious walnut tree on Page Green land. Local vicar and historian William Bedwell, in his Brief Description of Tottenham dating from as early as the 17th century, mentions the tree in praise of its beauty and splendour. There is a theory that the walnut tree has been growing here since the Roman conquest and was the center of a sacred grove or pagan temple. The Seven Elms appear on London maps from 1619 until 1955: they are repeatedly planted and replanted. In 1997 there was a digital apotheosis: the Seven Sisters planted seven hornbeam trees on the same mystical site.

Shepherd’s Bush.

It is believed that shepherds really did sybaritize under this bush (and they certainly ate shepherd’s pie)! It was a long way from the surrounding villages to Smithfield Market in the City; it was parked on a patch of communal land, under a hawthorn bushes, hence the nickname “Shepherd’s Bush”.

Swiss Cottage

The neighborhood and subway station were named after The Swiss Tavern. It was built in 1804 in an extremely fashionable at the time rustic style: it was almost a full replica of a Swiss chalet. Subsequently, the courtyard was renamed Swiss Cottage. Despite active urban development, the building has survived to this day and now houses the Ye Olde Swiss Cottage pub. It serves mainly beer and English cuisine.

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Further extension of the line in both directions is planned. The beginning of its operation on the whole projected length is scheduled for 1988.

The first subway line in Buffalo with the length of 10.3 km and 14 stations was also completed.

In the summer of 1984 the last (fourth) station of the new 12.7 km section of Chicago subway was put into service. The other stations have been operating since 1983.

The new section connected the city center with O’Hare International Airport. Reconstruction of the 3 km elevated roundabout line, built in 1897, is underway. In the near future construction of a 1.2 km long stretch between the Roosevelt and Sermak-Chinatown stations of two neighboring radii is to begin, which will enable a more even distribution of train traffic between them. The commissioning of this line is planned for 1987. A new subway line with eight stations is also planned, connecting the center with Midway Airport. The line will run on overpasses, the existing railroad embankment and a short underground section. Construction is scheduled to be completed by 1988.

A 4.8 km long circular elevated subway line is under construction in Detroit, designed for fully automated train operations. Two light-rail suburban passenger lines are being designed: the Woodward line with startup in 1990 and the first phase of the Gresgio line with startup in 1991.

The lines would have a common transfer station downtown, as well as interchanges to the Circle Line. They will have rush-hour traffic intervals of 3 to 10 minutes.

Pittsburgh is in the process of converting the old streetcar line into a subway line and building a new section downtown with three underground stations. Totally 12 new stations are being built on the line, its total length will be 17 km.

In Portland the first subway line is being built, 25 km long with 25 stations, connecting the downtown with the eastern suburbs and running parallel to the main road and rail arteries in this direction. By 1990 the line is projected to carry 20 thousand people a day. Surveys for the route of the western radius of the 19.3 km long line began.

In San Diego in May 1984 began construction of the first line of the east radius, and in 1985 construction of the second line was to begin. The length of the line is 25.7 km with 12 stations. According to forecasts, in 1995 the line will transport about 26 thousand people daily. For perspective building of three more metro lines is planned.

In San Francisco a number of auxiliary facilities of the subway are under construction: a 2.4 km long single-track branch tunnel, intended for withdrawal of faulty trains, as well as a U-turn loop with reserve tracks.

Construction of the first underground line in Los Angeles with length of 29 km and 17 stations was started (in the future one more station is planned to be built on the line). The line is scheduled to begin service in 1990. This line is the first phase of the subway network, as envisioned by the master plan. The trains will be supplied with current through the third rail with direct current at 750 V. Train movement will be fully automated. Maximum speed will be 110 km/h, trip on the route will take 35 min. The interval during rush hours will be 3.5 min. According to forecasts already in the first year of operation the line will carry about 300 thousand people per working day.

Two new sections of the Red line with a total length of 22.4 km were put into service in Washington and the length of subway lines reached 97.3 km. Works continue on four sections with total length of 21 km, which will be completed by 1991. In addition, design of a number of sections with total length of 28.8 km is at the final stage. In Italy new subway cars were purchased, which are similar in appearance to the old ones, but have up to 40 improvements, which will significantly contribute to increasing the capacity of subway lines.

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The city of Baltimore and its suburbs have 1.8 million inhabitants. The city is unique in that it is located on a bay on a peninsula far out to sea and is the largest port in the United States and an important industrial and cultural center.

The first-line route runs northwest from the city center and covers the areas with the most residential development. From the terminal station Charles Center line length of 7.2 km with six stations goes underground to the station Mondolin, then 4 km by overpass and another 1.7 km on the ground.

A new 9.6 km northbound line with three stations is nearing completion. The sections of this line, which are scheduled for commissioning in 1988, will be entirely aboveground. In addition, there are plans to build a 2.4 km long underground section that will connect the center with the largest medical and sports complex.

The tunnel was excavated using the panel method, except for those sections in the rock which required more complex blasting work. Six underground stations were built using the enclosed method, as each of them is located on at least two levels. The two stations where interchanges are planned are located on three levels. The deepest station, Peine Port, is located at a depth of 36.5 meters. Nine stations have platforms 137 m long. The stations are spacious, have their own, inherent only to them, individual architectural interpretation, decorated with mosaics and murals.

In the tunnels the track was laid on the concrete slabs with rubber pads to reduce the noise and achieve greater smoothness. On the above-ground sections the rails were laid on twin concrete sleepers, which, in turn, were concreted into concrete track blocks. The minimum radius of curves is 225 m, the maximum gradient is 30%.

Current carrying is carried out from the third rail, which for better conductivity is covered with aluminum paint. The voltage in the contact rail is 700 V DC. The power supply is controlled from a single dispatching center.

The trains are driven automatically, but the driver has the functions of information about the train’s progress, opening and closing the doors, sending the train out of the station and some other functions.

Automatic train operation system, operating on microprocessors, leads the train along the sections, regulates speed and provides stopping at the station in the set place.

Traffic control is provided from a single center, which has a permanent radio link to train drivers, telephone link to all subway stations, and television link to the stations.

The trains are formed of six cars on the principle of two-car sections. Car length – 22,9 m, width – 3,1 m, capacity – 170 places, including 77 seats. The wagon body is frameless, made of corrugated stainless steel. On each side of the car there are 3 sliding doors with the width of opening 1,27 m. The front and side windows are made of painted shatterproof glass. The cars are equipped with air conditioners and forced ventilation system. The motor cars have 4 traction motors of 130 kW each with thyristor control and a possibility to regenerate. The maximum speed is 110 km/h.

The subway operates from 5 am to 8 pm. Interval between trains is 8-10 min. Subway speed is about 50 km/h. Payment for the fare, as in the bus, is zone, 75 cents before the change and 15 cents for the change. Stations are equipped with ticket change machines, turnstiles for automatic passage with magnetic reading. They have escalators and elevators (for the disabled).

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• Year of commissioning 1868
• Length, km 369.8
• Number of lines 27
• Number of stations 461
• Average distance between stations, m 850
• Gauge width, mm 1435
• Number of transported passengers per year, mln. people approx. 1000
• Number of locomotives 6295
• Voltage of contact network, V600
• Cost of one trip in dollars 0.75
• Minimum interval between trains, s 120
• Speed, km/h 35/30
• Number of cars in the train – 10

PATH line

• Year of putting into operation 1908
• Length, km 22.4
• Number of lines
• Number of stations 13
• Average distance between stations, m 2115
• Track gauge, mm 1435
• Number of transported passengers per year, mln. people approx. 50
• Number of locomotives 290
• Voltage of contact network, V 650
• Cost of one trip in dollars 0.50
• Minimum interval between trains, s 90
• Speed, km/h 34,5
• Number of cars in the train 10

Metropolitan serves a total area equal to 770 km². The density of its network is 0,5 km/km². The first tunnel section was built in 1904. Most lines are double-track, but there are many three- and even four-track sections. On the Long Island line, the tunnel is made in two floors, one of which is used for subway trains, the other as a railroad tunnel. The platforms are located to the side of the tracks. On the four-track lines, the platforms are island-like, with underpasses leading to them. Deep stations can be descended by escalators or elevators. The main way to ensure train safety is automatic track interlocking, and the introduction of automatic guidance has begun.

The average trip distance is about 8 km. On most lines, traffic is zone-based. Some trains (express trains) do not stop at all stations. Passengers go to their destination by local trains after changing trains at reference stations.

In 1981-1985, part of the lines operated by NICTA were reconstructed. More than 1,800 new modern cars were purchased, dozens of stations were rebuilt, and the power supply system was improved.

PATH’s second subway line connects New York City with New Jersey. It is a modern line that carries about 70% of the passenger traffic between these cities.

The extension of this line to downtown Manhattan is under the 111-story twin-towered mall building.

Subway traffic has nearly halved over the past 50 years. This is due to an increase in the number of passenger cars, rising fares, and deteriorating safety conditions on the subway, despite the presence of more than five thousand police detachments on the subway.

The subway is very well supplied with information. Not only can you get information about train routes and station operations, but you can also find detailed information about the neighborhoods in which the station is located on map maps and signs. The directions to the stations are indicated by the names of the streets at the intersection of which they are located and whose names can be read at the entrances to the stations and on the platforms.

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Founded in the early 17th century by Dutch settlers, by the end of the 18th century, New York City became the largest city in North America.

The city’s population exceeds 8 million within its municipal boundaries, and if you add the virtually merged New Jersey and Southwestern Connecticut areas, the population of Greater New York City exceeds 18 million.

The subway system plays a significant role in solving inner-city transportation problems. The city has five distinct boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, Richmond and the Bronx. The center is on Manhattan Island, where offices, banks, stock exchanges, trusts, boards of many companies are concentrated and where most passenger traffic goes.

In terms of length and number of stations, the New York subway is the world’s largest. It has 27 lines of 369.8 km and 461 stations owned by NICTA. A significant volume of traffic is carried on the company’s 22.4 km PATH sections with thirteen stations, which were built at a later date.

Construction of the New York subway began in 1868. Today it is the third largest subway in the world by the volume of traffic in the capitalist countries with high enough, up to 40 pairs of trains per hour, carrying capacity. It operates 24 hours a day and accounts for about 3/4 of the passengers carried by all U.S. subways.

However, despite the significant volume of traffic, little money was allocated for maintenance and reconstruction of the lines, and as a result the New York subway was in a state of disrepair. Trains schedules are not kept, the condition of stations and cars is unsatisfactory, lighting is dim, and stations and runs are littered. In addition, using the subway, especially at night, is not safe. It is estimated that for this reason alone, traffic has been reduced by 20% in recent years. The car fleet has about 30 different types of rolling stock. This is due to the fact that previously the subway was operated by a large number of companies, not related to each other, and each company sought to produce or order their own cars. There are now over 6200 cars in total, of which only about 1,400 cars have enhanced comfort, air conditioning, forced ventilation, etc. Considerable part of cars is idle because of unsuitability for operation: there is no lighting, walls are pasted with advertising leaflets and painted, doors are broken, windows are broken. Such condition of cars is first of all a result of vandalism, which became the scourge of many subways in the world. In New York City, even guard dogs are used to protect cars, but this does not always help.

In recent years, the condition of the track has deteriorated noticeably, and the number of accidents and stoppages due to track malfunctions has increased. Schedule violations have become systematic. For example, in July 1984 more than 35% of trains arrived at terminal stations more than 4 minutes late. Traffic interruptions increased to 20-30 minutes, and the number of derailed trains increased, causing longer interruptions. There have been recorded derailments of rolling stock due to falling parts of cars on the track. The main reason for the unsatisfactory condition of the track is the lag in the timing of scheduled preventive maintenance from the established standards. Only 60% of the track requiring repair is repaired annually. As a result, there are more than 500 permanent speed limit warnings on the lines.

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